Ancestral lair. Odessa patient of Dr. Freud

At that time, I had no idea that I was practically sitting in the Wolfschanze - "Wolf's Lair".

…At first you are greeted by the remains of the manor gate. Behind them is a side facade, which in other places would pass for the main one, it is so beautiful. Two and a half stories, the five-sided risalite projecting far forward, with order columns on the second floor, immediately draws the eye. The house stands on a high stone vaulted basement, small rectangular windows decorate the basement floor. The facade overlooking the village is clearly divided into three volumes, connected by passages deeply recessed from the red line.

Previously, the house was decorated with carved wooden porches. But I like the pond-oriented side much better. After going around the house, you will see the infinite length of the majestic facade of the unusually large-scale building for manor buildings, uncharacteristic for our regions. Graceful pilasters of the Ionic order two stories high give it rhythm. But the most unusual thing is a pair of triple Venetian windows with an arch in the center, resting on a balustrade.

They are supported by a similar solution on the side facades. Unfortunately, the floors and roof of the estate do not exist today. But the pediment and something projecting forward at the level of the first floor are still completely legible - probably a terrace. Most likely, here, as on the facade oriented towards the village, there were three high arched doors. They echo the three arches of the basement on which the terrace is located. Monumental staircases ran down on both sides.

In the photo of V. A. Kudlach, taken in 1991, you can see that here, in the middle part of the first floor, above the arches of the basement, there is a single-story portico decorated with columns. I was deeply impressed by the view through the Venetian windows. Here, in general, everything seems somehow different. An amazing calm filled the air, silence, as if it were some kind of portal to the world of a noble manor that had gone forever.

What do we know about Vasylivka? I confess, when I started studying the history of the manor, I immediately encountered a lot of inaccuracies, uncertainties and misunderstandings. When was Vasylivka born? The widely known 26-volume edition "History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR", published in the 1970s, in the volume about the Odesa region states that "the first mention of Vasylivka dates back to 1854."

And in its earlier Ukrainian version, dated 1969, it is stated: "The first mention of the village concerns the year 1849" (History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR, Odesa Region. — K., 1969, p. 357). The book of the famous geographer Semenov-Tian-Shansky "Russia. A complete geographical description of our Motherland".

An even earlier date is provided by "Information on the History of the Kherson Diocese", where it is stated that in 1846 the Peter and Paul Church was built in the village of Vasylivka. And finally, according to the "Materials for the evaluation of lands in the Kherson province" for 1883, the time of the origin of the village of Vasylivka is called the end of the 1854th - the beginning of the XNUMXth century. It turned out that these dates are the closest to reality - the settlement here was established half a century earlier than XNUMX.

As early as 1793, these lands went to engineer-major von der Plaat. And later, gunner-lieutenant Hryhoriy Ilyich Shostak left. Since then, in almost every case when the village of Vasylivka is mentioned in pre-revolutionary sources, "Shostokovo" was written in parentheses - this is how the original name of the settlement was usually mentioned. Calling an estate by one's surname or first name was a common practice.

During Shostak's time, Vasylivka was not a village, but a "dacha", which the Duke de Richelieu once took an interest in - he instructed to inspect and describe these lands. The fact is that the region that had just been conquered from the Turks was supposed to be inhabited by European colonists who were invited here, and for this it was necessary to determine suitable lands. Based on the results of the review, a document was drawn up in which the following was written about the possession of Staff Captain Shostak:

"The village is built on the Baraboy River. It has a manor house with services and other outbuildings. There is a brewery at the house." The village was just being built: "Of the subjects' dwellings, 23 houses were started, in the same walls, and 15 were unfinished. These buildings, both the manor's house and the peasant's houses, are stone, partially already damaged" (Serhiy Argatiuk, Ihor Sapozhnikov. Palace in the steppe and its owner, "Southern Zahid", Odessa, issue 23, p. 157).

I was deeply impressed by the view through the Venetian windows. Here, in general, everything seems somehow different. An amazing calm filled the air, silence, as if it were some kind of portal to the world of a noble estate that had gone forever

I don't know if it was due to the results of this inspection or some other, but soon "German cities" appeared around - here you have Mannheim, and Strasbourg, Salz, Liebenthal and others. Here, in general, there was "Europe": not far from Vasylivka, the estate of the French count Lambert flourished, on the other side - the settlement of the Swiss Chabots. So, even at the beginning of the century, life was already raging in Vasylivka and there was a manor house.

Hryhoriy Ilyich Shostak himself was remembered for the fact that he was engaged in supplies for the hospitals of the active army and made a significant contribution to the creation of the Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa. There, by the way, he owned a house on Preobrazhenska Street, which in 1811 he gave to the commander-in-chief of the Moldavian army, Count M. M. Kamensky II, where he died. In 1827, Hryhoriy Ilyich transferred his estate to his son Vasyl, an official on special assignments under the governor of Novorossiysk and Bessarabia, Mykhailo Semenovich Vorontsov. In 1834, Vasyl Grigoryovych accompanied Duke de Marmont from Bessarabia to Odessa.

"G. Shostak, an official of the Odesa Administration, a wonderful young man, had been waiting for me for eighteen days with a letter from Count Vorontsov, the Governor-General of Southern Russia. Mr. Shostak was instructed to escort me to Odessa...". So the former Napoleonic marshal most likely passed through Vasylivka and perhaps even stopped to rest there.

The estate belonged to the Shostak family until 1844, when it was bought by Vasyl Petrovich Dubetsky. The personality is very interesting - a directly Gogol character, which consists entirely of contradictions. For example, he held the rank of major general and at the same time came from a spiritual state. Apparently, knowing about his sins like no one else, Vasyl Petrovych first of all built a church near the estate, the same one, in the name of Sts. Peter and Paul. And renamed Shostakovo to Vasylivka. In honor of myself.

Already in 1849, the new owner described his property as follows: "40 peasant yards, a stone church, a stable apartment of the bailiff of the 20st estate of Odesa County, a one-story house, a manor yard with a garden with all economic lands, three ponds and more than XNUMX wells , as well as the Gederimovsk post station [...] there are five inns, a tavern, a trade bench, free watering holes, and pastures."

It is believed that the construction of the manor house was completed in 1854. Although I personally think it is a later building. The architect of the building is unknown, but Franz Boffo is sometimes mentioned, and as the organizer of the park, Ivan Dallacqua. However, among the works of both architects, Vasylivska Manor is not mentioned.

"In 1859, there were 23 yards in Vasylivka, 210 male and 138 female souls lived in them. There was one Orthodox church, bazaars and a winery in the village."

You and I have not yet gotten to the main character in the history of Vasylivka, who forever created such a mysterious halo around her, but General Dubetsky also gave birth to some legends. Although whether these legends are the result of the actions of Vasyl Petrovych himself, or whether they are the products of modern fans of loud alleged facts - judge for yourself. It turns out that in front of you, gentlemen, is a "reduced copy of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg", and what's more, it was built by Major General Dubetsky "to spite Emperor Nicholas I"!

To understand the absurdity of the first part of this legend, it is enough to look at the manor house, which became known as a palace after the roof and walls collapsed. I am particularly moved by statements that further research is needed to resolve this issue. And I mistakenly thought that it was enough to compare the images...

The manor began to be called a palace after the roof and walls collapsed

But who was Vasyl Petrovich Dubetsky? Apparently, the general knew how to make a profit. First, he founded a winery in Vasylivka, such that people came from St. Petersburg to study its work. Then the general decided to change the direction of the Odesa-Tiraspil postal route, that is, the road that bypassed Vasylivka. The general arranged for the road to go through Vasylivka, which was done.

It is necessary to understand that the postal route is, let's say, a highway of state importance, and in order to change its direction, it is necessary to break through serious bureaucratic and administrative barriers, and military ones too - because after that you have to change maps! But Vasyl Petrovych achieved his goal. Then Dubetsky developed vineyards in Vasylivka, and it was very successful - the estate became famous for its wine. At the winemaking exhibition of the Novorossiysk Territory and Bessarabia held in December 1864, Dubetsky was awarded a cup and a silver medal.

Ivan Serhiyovych Aksakov, a publicist, poet, public figure, left a very interesting mention of Vasylivka and Dubetsky in his letters. In October 1855, during the Crimean War, on his way to Odesa as part of the Serpukhov militia, Aksakov stopped in Vasylivka: "It is four days' march from Tiraspol to Odesa; there is nothing to describe them. We walked along the steppe, which now, in autumn, when there are no flowers, the bread is removed and cleaned, looks very sad. 40 versts from Odesa, it is suddenly enlivened by the estate of General Dubetsky: a magnificent house with 40 rooms, unlike city houses in the southern provinces, gardens, ponds, bridges. We spent the day here."

About General Aksakov himself, he writes: "Dubetsky was once the head of the Commissariat Commission (S.K. in Kremenchuk), made a huge fortune, evaded the court by retiring, and, as is customary in Russia, now lives for himself as a good boy, a breadwinner, and enjoys family life. The type is known!". The love of money really drove Dubetsky to do not the most decent deeds - for example, knowing or guessing about the future release of serf peasants, Dubetsky decided to take advantage of the situation and, in the form of great mercy, freed his peasants without waiting for reform.

But if the reform provided for the allotment of land to the peasants, then Dubetsky left his people with nothing, obliging them to pay him 50 rubles each for this mercy. And now he also leased the land to the peasants. And here is what the author of the famous memoir Andriivsky writes:

"He crawled and bowed low […] a respected addressologist and maker of vivid speeches." However, it should be taken into account that Andriivskyi spoke positively about very few people. But still, it is somewhat doubtful that such a person could do something "to spite the emperor." I also really liked the story about how Volodymyr Yosypovich Dubetsky, the nephew of the major general, accused his uncle of embezzlement.

Let's give the floor to the same Andriievsky: "The nephew proved to his uncle that the uncle had allowed the robbery of the Kremenchug commission for 300 rubles. The uncle reproached his nephew with false exaggerations and assured everyone with his honest word that after the Kremenchug commission he had only 100 left. With mutual concessions from one and the other side, the matter was concluded by an amicable agreement, about which there was even, as they say, a written act drawn up...".

At the same time, after the death of the governor-general of the Novorossiysk region and Bessarabia, His Royal Highness Mykhailo Semenovich Vorontsov, in 1856, Dubetsky was among those who contributed to the construction of the monument to Vorontsov, which decorates Odessa.

As I said, Dubetsky knew that he was a sinner, and he tried to atone for his sins and do God-pleasing deeds, spending a lot of money on the repair and improvement of the Peter and Paul Church he had built. In 1885, Bishop Nikanor of Kherson and Odesa visited the church, after which he called it "the first church I have seen in the Kherson diocese... It is beautiful in all respects. Built with great taste and complete knowledge of the business, decorated with beautiful painting inside. At the same time, the archpastor thanked Dubetsky for the improvement of the parish. And here is another confirmation of the importance of the church - it turns out that Patriarch Alexy I often visited and prayed here.

Preparing to retire, Vasyl Petrovich Dubetsky arranged in the basement of the church an allotment in the name of St. Basil the Great and Elizabeth, consecrated on October 4, 1872, as you can easily guess, in honor of the heavenly patrons of Vasyl Petrovich and his wife. Both were buried there.

In the marriage of the Dubetskys, a daughter was born, Hanna Vasylivna, who later married Alois Yarosevich. Five years after her father's death, Anna Vasylivna sold Vasylivka to the "Aleshki merchant" Konstantin Matviyovych Pankeev.

"In 1887, 188 males and 180 females lived in Vasylivka" (Lists of populated places of Kherson province according to information for 1887. — Kherson, 1888)

And this is where the most interesting begins...

The famous Kakhovka on the banks of the Dnieper is none other than the estate of Konstantin Matviyovych Pankeev, the same "Aleshkiv merchant" who amassed enough wealth and decided to move to Odesa, which at that time flourished with trade. But the Pankeevs did not actually move to Odessa, but rather returned, because they had lived in our city for a long time.

This is what Oleg Yosypovych Gubar, a well-known historian of Odessa, writes about this: "Potap Pankeev and his considerable family are listed in the list of merchants residing in the city of Odessa, as early as January 31, 1800. In February 1833, Tetyana Pankeeva, a merchant widow of the 3rd Guild of Odessa, asked for permission to open a hotel in the 1st part of Odessa. In the "Odesa Herald" (1842) it is mentioned that Yosyp Pankeev, a merchant son of the Aleshkov 3rd guild, was awarded "for special assistance during firefighting" with a silver medal with the inscription "For Diligence".

In the same newspaper, a notice is recorded about the granting of the position of collegial assessor to the controller of the Katerynoslav Treasury Chamber to titular adviser Pankeev from December 29, 1863." But Matviy Pankeev's branch settled in Kakhovka, and now it's time for them to return. The family consisted of Kostyantyn Matviyovych Pankeev, his wife Anna Semenivna, née Shapovalova, their daughter Anna and son Serhiy. It was 1891.

Serhii Kostiantynovych, who left his memories, became the main character who made Vasylivka finally famous. This is what he himself wrote about the origin of the family wealth: "At that time, my grandfather was one of the richest landowners in the south of Russia. He bought up a huge amount of land that was not being used and, accordingly, was very cheap. However, later, when the land began to give birth, prices rose quickly. This was precisely the territory that, due to the extraordinary fertility of the land, is known as the grain granary of Russia."

The move to Odesa was final — all the Kakhov possessions were sold. According to the document below, between 1892 and 1896 the owner divided them into plots and sold them mainly to peasants:

"Tavria Governorate, Dnipro County, plots of land from the Kakhovka estate owned by Kostyantyn Matvi [yovich] Pankeev, now sold: Plot No. 1 in the amount of One Hundred and Forty-Two and a Half Decades, to Khariton Kurasov, Vasyl Rodiono [vu and] companions, Plot No. 2 m in the amount of one hundred and four desiatins - to Abram Klyuev, Pavlo Belyaev, Yakov Chistyakov and his friends and Plot No. 3 m in the amount of one hundred and twenty-eight desiatins and 940 square meters. soot — Ivan and Onesimus Korobkin, Titus, Yevgraf and Yermolai Po [noma] revi and Vukol Kislom. ... In all, 374 ten in all three sections. 2 square meters soot." (State archive of the Kherson region. Collection of maps and plans until 140, Fund No. 1917).

Together with Vasylivka Pankeeva, they bought a house on the then chic Marazliivska Street: "In Odessa, my father bought a small mansion, which was located right across from the city park, which reached the Black Sea itself. This mansion was built by an Italian architect in the Italian Renaissance style. Almost at the same time, my father bought a large estate in the south of Russia. He transferred both the mansion and the estate to my mother."

Both the house and the estate became one of the centers of the cultural life of Odessa at that time: "Representatives of the intellectual elite, in particular from the central provinces and both capitals, were constantly here: teachers, scientists, thinkers, artists, financiers, Zemstvo officials, etc." (Oleg Hubar "Something about to Anna Pankeev", Deribasivska-Rishelievska almanac, No. 57, p. 311).

It all started with the fact that the boy Seryozha Pankeev once had a terrible dream about white wolves sitting silently on the branches of a walnut tree in the garden and sending him some messages with their eyes

On February 1, 1901, Kostiantyn Matviyovych Pankeev receives decree No. 297 on behalf of Emperor Nicholas II, which states that since "our loyal subject Aleshkov merchant of the II guild Kostiantyn Matveyev Pankeyev has proven his right to Hereditary Honorary Citizenship with the submitted acts, then, by making Kostiantyn Matveyev Pankeev with his wife Oleksandra Semenova and children Serhiy and Hanna to the status of Honorary Citizens, We Most Mercifully order him and his descendants to enjoy all the rights and benefits."

Here I will note that the current concepts of "honorary citizens" of a city and pre-revolutionary ones are completely different categories. Then it was about the condition of city dwellers who received certain privileges and either could or could not transfer this title and rights to inheritance. In this case, "hereditary" meant that the title was inherited by all descendants. Only the nobles stood above this in the state hierarchy at that time.

Kostyantyn Matviyovych confidently enters the public life of Odessa, becoming a well-known personality and gaining the respect of the local society. In February 1905, he was elected speaker of the City Duma. It should be noted that his brother Mykola Matviyovych Pankeev is even more involved in politics, already becoming a deputy of the State Duma.

Unfortunately, fate did not give Kostyantyn Matviyovych a very long time, and on July 2, 1908, he died in Moscow. Odesa newspapers published articles dedicated to his memory, from which we can learn more about his personality:

"K. M. did not betray himself in anything; he always remained one and the same - himself, not yielding to either the right or the left. He has always been and remains a man of very moderate convictions, but convictions that are stable, strong, borne in his own heart and in his own head. ... An enemy of phrases and any loud words, ... K.M. always demanded from everyone (and first of all from himself) business, business and business, and he treated with hatred all phrasemongers who hung around idle. […] At the heart of K.M.’s character […] lay great sensitivity, true kindness and nobility.”

But there was something else: "Rarely any of the new books did not appear in his library now after its release. In addition, as is known... K.M. remained not only a reader, but was a publisher and co-publisher, and even a publisher-editor who did not spare significant material resources and pursued exclusively ideological and spiritual interests."

Some details are revealed by "Russian information": "Recently, K.M. became the soul of a new literary business, to which he attached great importance: recently No. 1 of the non-periodical collection "Zirnytsia" was published, which contained not only fiction, but also generalizing articles on various issues of Russian public life, and K. M. already took great care of the further issues of "Zirnytsy", and he was promised the most active participation in this publication of the most progressive and talented figures of Russia, which is being updated" (Quoted in the article "In memory of K . M. Pankeev" in the newspaper "Odessky Listok" dated July 20, 1908, signed "S-chiy", and according to the article "Funeral of K. M. Pankeev" in the same newspaper for July 22, 1908).

Kostyantyn Matviyovych is survived by two children - the eldest daughter Hanna and son Serhiy. The difference between them is two and a half years. Here we have already come up close to the main character of Vasylivka - Serhiy Kostyantynovich Pankeev.

Under Shostak, Vasylivka was not a village, but a "dacha", which the Duke de Richelieu once became interested in - he instructed to inspect and describe these lands

It all started with the fact that the boy Seryozha Pankeev spent the summer with his family at the estate. There he once had a terrible dream about white wolves sitting silently on the branches of a walnut tree in the garden and sending him some messages with their eyes. Images of wolves from that time caused hysterics in the child - he shouted that the wolves would definitely come and eat him. In addition, agree, wolves sitting on trees in the garden of the estate (and we are talking about Vasylivka) is a rather strange fantasy.

What preceded it and what could be its cause? Judge for yourself, here are some facts. Again, let's give the floor to Serhiy Pankeev himself: "My father decided that a technical higher school suited me more than a humanitarian gymnasium, and it was decided that I should enter a higher technical school. And only at the last minute, a few months before the entrance exams before the second year of high school, the plans changed, because the father finally decided that the gymnasium still had an advantage, because only gymnasium graduates could then study at the university."

Having received his high school diploma, Serhii applied to the Novorossiysk Imperial University for the law department on August 5, 1905. Of course, he was accepted. And on November 25 of the same year, he took the documents to continue his studies at the University of Berlin. Do you think he preferred education abroad? No. Sergei simply traveled around Europe, and already in the summer of the following year, 1906, he again applied to the Novorossiysk University and again to the law faculty.

And at the same time, Pankeev is thinking about changing his profile from law to natural sciences: "It was already mid-August, there was not much time left before the start of lectures at the university, and I still haven't decided which faculty I should enroll in."

Then he quite easily passes the two exams necessary for the transition to the second year - economics and statistics. And... takes the documents to continue his studies in St. Petersburg, at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics!

"Lectures at the university had already been held for a long time, but I postponed attending them again and again, justifying it to myself with the need to get used to St. Petersburg first."

Time passed, but he probably never got used to it: "When I saw that I had no chance of passing the spring exams, the thought of the senselessness of my coming to St. Petersburg began to visit me more and more often."

7 years later, in the winter of 1914–1915, Serhiy, through the Ministry of Education, seeks permission to take the exams for legal practice. He passes them brilliantly and receives a corresponding diploma.

With these details, I wanted to show the contradictions of Serhiy Kostyantynovich's character, his persistent search for himself, and at the same time emphasize his abilities and talent. By the way, he distinguished himself as an artist as well - his friendship with the talented Odessa painter, member of the Society of South Russian Artists Gerasym Golovkov, who was hired as a teacher for Serhiy Kostiantynovych, helped.

"The distinguishing feature of his teaching method was that he showed neither approval nor displeasure. This had certain advantages, as artists usually praised their students only when they painted in the manner of the teacher. Accordingly, the student, striving to please the teacher, imitates him and thereby loses his own individuality. ... As for me, especially after my unsuccessful music lessons, G.'s method suited me best."

Gradually, the relationship between student and teacher grew into friendship: "Several times in a row, G. spent the summer at our estate, which allowed me to paint with him in nature."

Gerasim Golovkov uses his stay in Vasylivka for creative work, and this is what Petro Oleksandrovich Nilus wrote about it: "At this time, he gets to know the family of K. Pankeev, gives lessons there and often visits them at the estate in Vasylivka, writes there numerous sketches, paintings, using an excellent workshop in the old, large Vasylivskyi house" (P. Nilus "A few words about the work of H.S. Golovkov", catalog. — Odesa, 1911, p. 9). Pankeev did not become an outstanding artist, but his works were recognized as talented and were even shown at exhibitions.

By the way, not only artists visited Vasylivka. The estate was the ultimate goal of car races organized by the Odesa Automobile Club — the 40 km separating Odesa and Vasylivka was a long distance for the cars of that time.

Previously, the building was decorated with carved wooden porches. But I like the pond-oriented side much better

But back to the great white silent wolves. Serhii even later wrote his vision. His parents were very worried about what was happening. Such an unusual manifestation of the disease forced them to turn to Dr. Droznes, a well-known clinic for the mentally ill in Odesa at that time, but psychiatrist Leonid Mykhailovych Droznes was forced to admit his powerlessness. He stood near the origins of psychoanalysis in Odessa, he tried to promote this science, but he did not have the full knowledge and skills that could solve such a complex problem.

Nevertheless, Droznes was familiar with the works of Dr. Freud and with the psychoanalyst himself. He advised Serhiy's parents to contact the luminary directly. Seryozha was taken to Vienna - it was then that he became the famous Wolf Man and "professional patient" of Dr. Freud, as the Canadian writer Richard Apignanesi, who studied the history of Pankeev, said.

Sigmund Freud dedicated the book "From the history of one child's neurosis" to the description of Serhiy Kostyantynovich Pankeev's illness, his memories, fantasies and dreams. This work has become a table book for psychoanalysts around the world. At the end of his life, taking off the receiver, Serhiy Pankeev introduced himself like this: "Hello, the Wolf Man is listening."

To this day, this strange clinical case among psychoanalysts fuels scientific interest and causes constant controversy. And every time Vasylivka is mentioned in scientific works.

This is what Sergey Pankeev himself writes about her: "Our estate was very beautiful: a huge country house, reminiscent of a castle, surrounded by an old park that gradually turned into a forest. There was also a pond here, big enough to be called a lake. The countryside of southern Russia, where I grew up, has always had a special charm for me."

I think that the word "castle" in relation to the architecture of the estate in this case is the result of a triple translation. Pankeev wrote his memoirs in German, they were later published in English, and already translated from English into Russian. The house was then surrounded by exotic trees brought from different climate zones. Behind the garden was a large reservoir, lined with mulberry trees and ornamental shrubs. Above the reservoir was a water tower that supplied water to the house and fountains.

According to the descriptions of the estate, it was probably once a small pond, with a small island surrounded by greenery and flowers. A magical gazebo for evening tea was hidden there (Hanna Iskrova "Wolf's Lair, or Winter in Ruins"). Perhaps it is this pond that is depicted in the painting by Gerasim Golovkov, a friend and teacher of Serhii Pankeev. Golovkov has many works on the species of Vasylivka, but, unfortunately, they are now stored in the Library of Congress of the United States.

It was not easy for Freud to treat such an amazing patient. And the problem, as he himself wrote, was not even in a special case, but in the fact that "Russianness" itself appeared on his couch. Sergey Pankeev seems to have absorbed all the same "Russian boredom" of the heroes of great Russian literature. Freud admitted that "the national character alien to our understanding created great difficulties in understanding the personality of the patient."

The psychoanalyst's sessions with Pankeev lasted 4 years. As soon as the first signs of relief appeared, Pankeev immediately stopped treatment. As Freud believed, due to the fear of change and the desire to remain in the usual environment. In subsequent years, the symptoms of the disease manifested themselves in one way or another, and it was necessary to return to the sessions. Hence the definition of a "professional patient": "When undergoing psychoanalysis with Freud, I felt not so much a patient as his collaborator - a young companion of an experienced researcher who took up the study of a new, recently discovered field."

It must be said that everyone in the Pankeev family was interesting. The father is a well-known public figure and politician, the son, who forever went down in history thanks to his special disease, and the sister is a talented person, unfortunately, with a tragic fate. Apparently, only the mother somehow managed to balance the unusual characters of the members of this family with her practicality. So what sister? Anna Kostyantynivna Pankeeva is two and a half years older than Serhiy. According to contemporaries, she was a talented and extraordinary person. Mykola Kuznetsov, the owner of the estate in Stepanivka, left us her portrait.

And this is what Sigmund Freud wrote about her: "Later, the beshketnik girl turned into an extremely capable girl, distinguished by a sharp mind and sober judgment, during her studies she preferred the natural sciences, although she composed poems that were highly valued by her father. In terms of intelligence, she was far superior to all her numerous first admirers and loved to make fun of them.

In memory of Midshipman Pavel de Laval

... Here is a cigarette case, forgotten in a hurry

on the table in the living room, isn't it yours?

Here, the very air is drunk with a smell

madeira, cotillon and words,

there is nothing more beautiful in the world...

Neither you nor the world are left,

other words from the newspapers:

Tsushima, defeated, "Petropavlovsk"...

Anna Pankeeva

 

Vasilyevka

Under my window is a green pond,

Where mermaids dance

Where are the waters splashing on the shore

They do not know the hours, nor the minutes.

There is a path made of stones

From the rotunda in search of coolness...

There were once residents of Hellas here

Washed the foamed horses.

On the wall of dragons is vanity,

Small, tailed, harmless.

To the evening from the heavens, almost invisible,

Descends to the glade of Beauty.

A beard grows ivy on the gazebo,

The tea smells sweet, like childhood...

I inherited this world,

I am an ego mistress forever.

Anna Pankeeva

 

The sister had a great influence on Serhiy. Everything was here - childish cruelty and envy of her intelligence, friendship and even falling in love with Hanna. In Freud's book about Serhiy Kostiantynovich, there is another detail that may explain to us why the wolves were sitting on the trees in the garden: "As far as he remembers, they left from there (from Kakhovka - S.K.) when he was five years. Judging by his stories, he was a very timid child then, and his sister, knowing about it, made fun of him.

A picture in one of their children's books showed a wolf standing on its hind legs in a menacing pose. Seeing this drawing, he always screamed loudly with fear, it seemed to him that the wolf would now grab him and eat him. And the sister purposely arranged everything so that he would constantly see this picture, and was amused by watching him get scared."

And this is what Serhiy Kostiantynovich himself wrote about Anna: "For some reason, she got it into her head that she lacks feminine charm. In addition, it seemed to her that men do not like her, so they can marry her only for money. Most likely, her trouble was that, despite her common sense, she tried in vain to suppress her femininity. Of course, she herself did not realize what was happening to her."

Sigmund Freud: “But after she turned twenty, she became increasingly sad, complained that she was not pretty enough, and became withdrawn. When he was fourteen years old, his sister began to treat him better; she had the same mindset, they contradicted their parents together, so in the end they became almost the best of friends."

And finally, we are approaching the finale of the story of Anna Pankeeva. 1906, Serhiy Pankeev: "I put Anna and her companion on a ship sailing to Novorossiysk. The farewell was touching. When the steamer left the dock, Hanna came out to the stern and kept waving at me until she disappeared into the distance. I stood on the wharf for a long time and watched the ship leave the harbor and sail out into the open sea. A week after Anna's departure, I sent her a letter, as I promised. After two or three weeks, we received the news that Hanna was seriously ill, and soon we were informed of her death. Then we found out that Hanna had taken poison."

Freud mentioned the poems of Anna Pankeeva. I would like to quote two of her short poems. The first is dedicated to the memory of Midshipman de Laval, the hero of the Tsushima battle, whom she probably knew personally, and the second to Vasylivtsi. "After Anna's death, the parents decided to start a hospital for neurological patients. Funds intended for this purpose were transferred to the city of Odessa. The hospital should have been founded in memory of my sister and bear her name," Serhiy Pankeev wrote.

The Pankeev family allocated a huge sum of 100 rubles at that time for the creation of a 60-bed hospital, which opened on the territory of the New City Hospital in Slobidka. It was built by the famous Odessa architect Nesturkh. Currently, the building named after Anna Pankeeva is busy with forensic medical examination.

In 1912, the Pankeev estate was searched, during which a large amount of literature was seized. Other details are unknown. Apparently, the Pankeevs also played in the revolution.

In 1914, Serhiy Kostyantynovich's mother, Oleksandr Semenivna, transferred the land of the estate to her brother, Vasyl Semenovich Shapovalov. In the same terrible year of 1914 for Europe, on October 19, Serhiy Pankeev married an Austrian citizen, Teresa-Maria Keller.

Before that, in July, there was one truly cinematic moment in his biography. Serhii preserved it for us in his memories. Having already completed his treatment with a Viennese professor and having finally achieved peace and harmony, he brought his bride Theresa to Vienna.

Together they visited Freud. Through the window, all three watched the funeral procession of Archduke Ferdinand and Sophia. All three were happy. Freud, who saw his patient, wrested by him from the clutches of almost madness, healthy and in love - because his method worked. Serhiy and Teresa - because they loved each other and could finally get married. The worst was over. It seemed that they had a happy life ahead of them. They had no idea about the Great War, nor about the fall of the monarchies in Austria, Russia, Germany, nor about what they would have to go through...

It was the second marriage for Tereza-Maria. From her first husband, a doctor, she had a daughter Elsa, who died in 1919. The wedding with Pankeev took place in Odesa, the wedding took place in the Intercession Church. It is interesting that the marriage certificate from 1914 had later entries dated October 22, 1943, a stamp and text in Romanian. Apparently, Pankeev needed confirmation or copies of documents. Perhaps he acquired them himself, having once again visited Odessa.

After the victory of the proletariat, Serhiy Pankeev went abroad. His wife went earlier, and later his mother. Prior to that, in May 1918, the Viennese Aesculapius received a letter from Odesa - the patient asked for a new meeting. They met in April of the following year. Freud presented Sergei with an autographed book about him. And in September 1919, a new course of treatment began, which lasted until Easter 1920.

Thanks to Pankeev's case, psychoanalytic theory developed and treatment techniques were refined. Freud described the most famous case as “the most valuable of all the discoveries that favorable fortune has given me to make. Such enlightenment falls on the fate of a person no more than once."

He was so grateful to Pankeev that, contrary to his tradition, not only did he not take money from the latter during the second period of their analytical work, but on the contrary, he himself gave the patient funds. Pankeev himself recalls: "We wouldn't be able to pay for housing if it weren't for Professor Freud. He sometimes managed to find English books for us to translate with the help of English patients."

Later, according to some information, Serhiyev Kostyantynovich managed to get a job as an employee in an insurance company. He survived severe crises and illnesses, his wife's suicide, fears of occupation, post-war hardships and wandering. Pankeev lived most of his life in Vienna, where he died in 1979 at the age of 84.

While I was there, I didn't see any more outbuildings, no apple trees, no plums, no nuts

Vasylivka's fate unfolded in the traditional way: nationalization, state farm, collective farm... Information about Pankeev's former estate can be found in the archive file of 1922, dedicated to the organization of the state farm. The case on 14 sheets is opened by the act:

"On November 1922, 17 (they still write in the imperial document style! - S.K.) the Odesa District Accounting 2nd Commission in the composition of ... made an accounting and survey of the former non-labor economy of Pankeev near the village of Vasylivka All the land of the former slum. the farm was given over to the Gubito state farm, the buildings were partly occupied by the colony, and partly by the poor peasants of the village. Vasylivka All the buildings, mainly the former manor house, are in need of radical renovation."

This is already 1922! It follows from the case file that the estate has already been looted and has fallen into disrepair. Only 315 desyats were transferred to the State Farm, of which only 215 were arable, and 12 desyats were under vineyards, but it "completely disappeared." Forest, 44 acres, felled in 1921. In the description of the former wonderful orchard, only 26 apple trees, 19 plums, 73 walnut trees (the same ones on which the silent wolves sat) are listed, with a characteristic postscript - "due to lack of care in the past years, half of the plantations died." The rate of 10 dasyats is also taken into account.

In the same document, a list of eight outbuildings with residential buildings, sheds, a greenhouse, etc. is given, and a primitive plan of their location is attached. The most interesting thing is the description of the former manor house: "the foundation is stone; stone walls; iron roof; wooden floor; the height of the foundation is 4 arshins (2,84 m); length — 30 fathoms (64 m!); width — 10 fathoms (21 m); the height of the walls is 5 fathoms (10,65 m).

While I was there, I didn't see any outbuildings, no apple trees, no plums, no nuts. The forest, which Serhiy wrote about in his memoirs, also went somewhere. Yes, it was cut down in 1921... The estate remained in satisfactory condition until the beginning of the 90s, after which it completely fell into disrepair. Now the national treasure is waiting for the remaining walls to come down. Much of what you see in my photos from 2007 is gone.

And finally, I will mention one more legend. Allegedly, the famous movie "Wedding in Malynivka" was filmed in Vasylivka. This is not true. It is only necessary to compare the palace from the movie with the ruins of the Pankeev manor, as everything falls into place. Instead, in Vasylivka in 1983, another film was definitely filmed - "I, the son of the working people", even if it is not so famous, and without Vodyanyi, but here the manor is depicted almost in its original form.

 

Text and photo: Serhiy Kotelko

/Published in #02 volume PRAGMATIKA.MEDIA, June 2018/